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SENATE HANSARD 10 SEPTEMBER 2024 VOL 33 No. 73

PARLIAMENT OF ZIMBABWE

Tuesday, 10^th September, 2024

The Senate met at Half-past Two o'clock p.m.

PRAYERS

(THE HON. PRESIDENT OF SENATE in the Chair)

ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE HON. PRESIDENT OF SENATE

SWEARING IN OF A NEW MEMBER

THE HON. PRESIDENT OF SENATE:  I have to inform the Senate that Parliament received communication from the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission (ZEC) informing Parliament that Chief Mutasa James Kurauone has with effect from 24 July, 2024 been duly elected as a Member of the Senate to represent Manicaland Province. Section 128 (1) of the Constitution of Zimbabwe provides that before a Senator takes his or her seat in Parliament, the member must take the Oath of a Senator in the form set out in the 3^rd Schedule.  Section 128(2) states that the oath must be taken before the Clerk of Parliament. I therefore call upon the Clerk of Parliament to administer the Oath of a Member of Parliament to Chief James Kurauone Mutasa.

NEW MEMBER SWORN

HON. SENATOR CHIEF JAMES KURAUONE MUTASA subscribed to the Oath of Loyalty as required by the Law and took his seat – [HON. MEMBERS: Hear, hear.] –

MOTION

BUSINESS OF THE HOUSE

HON. SEN. MUZENDA: I move that Orders of the Day Numbers 1 to 2 be stood over until Order of the Day Number 3 has been disposed of.

HON. SEN. MOHADI: I second

Motion put and agree to.

MOTION

COMMUNITY BASED CONSERVATION MEASURES INVOLVING COMMUNITIES

  HON. SEN. MOHADI: I move the motion standing in my name that this House:  

RECOGNISING that Zimbabwe is home to diverse wildlife species which often come into conflict with local communities and inflict serious damages to crops and livestock;

COGNISANT that human-wildlife conflict results in economic losses, food insecurity and safety concerns for communities living in affected areas;

ACKNOWLEDGING efforts by the Government to mitigate human-wildlife conflict through various strategies and initiatives:

NOW, THEREFORE, calls upon the Ministry of Environment, Climate and Wildlife to -

(a) enhance community-based conservation measures which involve local communities in decision-making and benefit sharing related to wildlife conservation;

(b) enhance law enforcement and governance frameworks to combat illegal wildlife activities that exacerbate human-wildlife conflict;

(c) scale up education and awareness programmes to promote coexistence, wildlife-friendly land use practices and conflict prevention strategies among communities; and

(d) encourage partnerships with international organisations, research institutions, and conservation NGOs to leverage expertise and resources for effective conflict resolution.

  HON. SEN. TONGOGARA: I second.

  HON. SEN. MOHADI: I thank you for giving me this opportunity to present my motion on human wildlife conflict. Human wildlife conflict refers to interactions between humans and wild animals that results in negative impacts on human well-being, livelihoods or property and on the conservation of wildlife populations. These conflicts arise when wildlife species pose a threat to human interests such as agriculture, livestock or personal safety leading to economic loses, injuries and sometimes fatalities.

  In Zimbabwe, human wildlife conflict poses significant challenges for rural and peri urban communities living near wildlife habitats such as national parks and conservation areas. Communities frequently encounter conflicts with elephants, lions, hippos and other wildlife species that damage crops, kill livestock, kill and threaten human safety. These conflicts stem from habitant loss of fragmentation competition of resources like water and food during droughts, inadequate wild life management practices and the dependency of rural livelihoods on agriculture and livestock. Instead, conflict often results in injuries and occasional fatalities among community members, particularly during confrontations or while attempting to protect their farms and animals.

         Another major cause is the competition for water and food, particularly during repeated droughts which reduce availability of these resources for human and wild-life.  This frequently results in wild life like elephants and baboons raiding crops resulting in severe economic losses for farmers.  Carnivores such as lions, leopards and hyenas prey on livestock contributing to human wildlife conflict and forcing farmers to kill in retaliation. 

The struggle between wildlife and humans is seriously harming Zimbabwe.  According to ZimParks, the national parks and wild life management organisation, human animal conflict has claimed lives of almost 400 individuals over the last five years.  There were 40 injuries and 60 fatalities in 2020.  More than 80 people lost their lives to elephant attacks in 2021, while numerous others are injured from crocodiles and hyenas.  Zimbabwe now leads the Southern African area in the number of deaths from conflicts involving humans and wildlife. 

         Mrs. F. Nkomo encouraged authorities to address the issue after sharing her personal story of losing four animals to lions in January 2024.  According to Councillor Gift Chuma, at the year’s commencement, wild animals have killed 21 animals raising questions about the safety of kids who walk great distances to school like Malabe Primary School in Beitbridge East, where on several occasions, they do not go to school due to human wildlife conflict. 

         Human wildlife conflict instances are on the rise.  In 2022, 68 persons lost their lives due to animals straying into settlements or people entering wildlife areas.  This conflict is a result of the growing population of humans and wildlife.  In the first quarter of 2023, there were 22 deaths and 43 injuries related to human wildlife conflict.

         Hwange National Park, which has one of the Africa’s greatest elephant populations and frequently encounters predators such as lions and hyenas preying on livestock, is one of Zimbabwe’s most afflicted places by human wildlife conflict.  Predation by elephants, buffalos and livestock presents similar issues in Gonarezhou National Park.  The mid Zambezi Valley and Mana Pools National Park are experiencing considerable problems as a result of elephant and hippo movements and increasing tourist activity.  Conflicts between crocodiles and hippos near water sources have a significant impact on Chiredzi District.

         With almost 100 000 elephants, Zimbabwe has the second largest elephant population in the world, second only to Botswana.  Zimbabwe is unable to sell its ivory reserves since the ivory trade is prohibited.  Zimbabwe’s ability to sell, as well as the market is controlled by CITES, which limits trade within the nation.

         Human animal conflict is a major concern in Zimbabwe, particularly around national parks and wildlife reserves.  One famous example is the Hwange National Park, where locals routinely encounter elephants.  These interactions frequently result in crop devastation, causing food poverty and financial loss for farmers.  In rare circumstances, elephants have attacked and harmed people, sometimes fatally, when defending their area or foraging.

         Another source of concern is the Zambezi Valley, where settlements are at risk from predators such as lions and hyenas.  Livestock predation is prevalent, causing severe economic hardships and resulting in retaliatory kills of predators by farmers.  In 2017, a woman from Chiredzi suffered severe injuries after a crocodile attack while she was washing clothes at the river.  One such case included Masvingo Province’s Muchaneta Munodya.  While caring for her newborn baby, she heard her husband’s screams as he was attacked by a hyena.  The hyena brutalised her husband, Robert Maroyi, causing the horrible loss of five fingers on both hands.  This incident demonstrates the devastation that wildlife attacks can have on people’s lives, leaving them not only terrified, but also with long-term disabilities that limit their capacity to work and support their families.

         However, Zimbabwe’s tourism sector saw a spectacular comeback in 2023, bringing in a record $1.1 billion as compared to 627.9 million.  This was a notable 22 percent growth over the prior year, indicating a strong rebound from the difficulties caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.  According to estimates, the industry produced roughly US$397 million in 2021 – a 10% increase from $360 million in 2020 and almost $850 million less than in 2019.

         Furthermore, in 2021, the travel and tourism sector in Zimbabwe added almost 4% to the nation’s GDP.  The industry’s impressive results highlight how crucial wildlife-based tourism is to Zimbabwe’s economy.

         Madam President, Hon. Senators, resolving human wildlife conflict in Zimbabwe necessitates a multidimensional approach that combines community engagement, technology innovation, and sustainable practices.  First and foremost, increased community knowledge and participation are critical.  Creating community-based natural resource management initiatives enables residents to preserve their interests while also conserving animals.  For example, education programmes can teach farmers how to deter wildlife, such as using chili fences to deter elephants or fortifying enclosures to protect cattle from predators. 

         Furthermore, implementing early warning systems and creating wildlife corridors can assist keep animals away from human populations and agriculture.  The use of technology, such as GPS collars on elephants to monitor their travels, allows communities to receive timely alerts about impending wildlife invasions.

         Strengthening policy frameworks that support wildlife conservation and provide compensation for losses incurred during conflicts is essential.  Moreover, international cooperation and collaboration with neighbouring countries are crucial to managing transboundary wildlife movements and enhancing conservation efforts across regional borders.  By fostering coexistence between humans and wildlife through sustainable practices and community engagement, Zimbabwe can mitigate the impacts of human-wildlife conflict and promote harmonious living alongside its diverse wildlife populations.  I thank you.

+HON. SEN. L. SIBANDA:  Thank you Madam President.  I also thank Hon. Mohadi for moving this motion.  If you look at it, it has to do with how animals and human beings relate in various places where animals are kept.  Animals are good but very dangerous, they are troublesome.  Even from the origins of the world, God created both animals and human beings.  When Noah’s Ark was built, both animals and human beings were put there but as time went by, people came into conflict with these animals. 

People should realise something from these animals within the areas where they live, the animals live with the communities in which they are but eventually those animals which are violent end up hurting people and people end up dying. 

Hon. President of Senate, if Government could intervene and see how animals and human beings can co-habit.  The Government should help those who would have come into conflict with these animals. National parks should help as Zimbabweans. 

Again, we have problems with other countries Madam President.  Other countries do not have elephants like us here, these countries suppress us because they do not allow us to sell our elephants.  We can also realise something from the ivory and meat but these countries suppress us.  I do not know Madam President, where can we go and negotiate so that we end up selling our elephants?  If we look at crocodiles, they maul and injure people who live close to the national parks, and these people do not have any help – they do not realise anything from these animals.   These people should be assisted in one way or another because they live in constant danger close to these animals.  When a family’s bread winner dies, because of animal conflict, no compensation or assistance is forthcoming from the Government to help in educating them and to sustain their lives.  We have only heard of CAMPFIRE, that has come in and assisted in cases of animal and human life conflict.

The Government should realise that these are our animals.  We have been to Hwange, is it Skobela or Skabala somewhere there – they say yes, they have problems with elephants, they attack them and also destroy their crops, but they cannot do without these animals.  Originally, these people have been living amongst these animals, they are different from us who do not have animals like in Bulawayo and Harare. 

It is therefore, prudent to help these people so that they can lead better lives.  There should be a way to assist injured persons or people facing life threatening problems. They should look into it so that they can be looked after by the Government. 

I can spend the whole day talking about the selling of ivory. This has been a problem for ages.  There are some countries that do not want us to sell our ivory.  I do not know what the Government can do to negotiate with these countries. We have our animals like elephants, we have our ivory which is in store rooms and it has not been sold.  Those are resources, money which we could get from the ivory.  Let us talk and understand each other. 

I thank the House and the mover of this motion. I thank you Madam President.

         *HON. SEN. GOTORA: Thank you Madam President for giving me this opportunity to debate on this motion on human wild conflict. Going back to the folktales concerning human beings and wildlife, we were given an opportunity to take care of these animals but because of misbehaving, that power was taken away from us because we turned away from God. Nevertheless, there was a time when we reached the knowledge and order that some sides are reserved for humans and some are reserved for human habitation but because of the increase in population, it is no longer possible to have that demarcation.

         In addition, our parks are no longer fenced because that attracts tourists because they believe and know that these wild animals are not restrained.  They live in natural environment. If you go to South Africa, wherever there are wild animals, it is fenced, but here, animals move freely.  So we are very lucky that we managed to put in place such orderliness that human beings do not encroach into where wild animals are, the same with the wild animals. We were so famous the world over that our conservation is very good and it is natural but right now, it is no longer possible because the buffer zones in the parks, we have since moved in and now residing in those areas. That is where we are now meeting those wild animals.

         In addition, those were CAMPFIRE places where hunting would take place and then benefits would come, instead of doing that, we are now cultivating those areas so there is that conflict. Right now, the biggest problem is climate change.  Wild animals and human beings are now competing for consumption and survival, be it water, the sources are now being competed for between human beings and wildlife.  So that is increasing the human wildlife conflict furthermore. The parks, where the animals are supposed to reside, there is also a shortage of grazing areas because of over population of the wildlife.  They are also migrating and encroaching into human settlement areas and that also increases the conflict, but it is not about where there are parks only because if you go to Mudzi right now where there are no wildlife parks, there are hyenas that are devouring goats and other domestic animals but we do not know where they are coming from.

When we were growing up, we used to hear of wild dogs.  I had never seen them in my whole life but just last week, I saw them in Uzumba.  I do not know where they are coming from.  I never heard of that area having painted dogs.  I saw a pack of them, around 15 moving in rural areas.  They move or travel as they eat at high speed.  From here within two minutes, they will be at Westgate.  What I am saying is we need to find a solution of protecting our people against wildlife.  I think we must find a solution to assist ZimParks to raise funds to ensure that there are rangers who patrol in various areas, not only in parks but also in rural areas.

 When we were growing up, we used to see wildlife rangers travelling around with trucks but right now, I do not understand what they are up to.  ZimParks at the moment has a shortage of over 1000 rangers.  They no longer can afford to employ them.  In addition, if ZimParks increases fees for ensuring tourism, that process has to come through Parliament.  They cannot increase the rates.  So ZimParks, as a commercial activity in terms of the new Act, cannot operate freely and in the best possible way.

Madam President, we do not know where crocodiles are coming from.  In Uzumba-Nyadire, there is a child who lost both hands because of crocodiles, but that never used to happen in the past.  So I am saying ZimParks should be adequately funded by Government so that they also have an outreach crew that will be teaching people and raising awareness on how to behave in the face of wild animals wherever you are, be it at night or during the day just like what other Senators alluded to on international laws.  We cannot run away from them.  We signed that we are members of CITIES and CNPRM but now there is a problem because those organisations are being run by people who do not have wildlife, they do not stay with wild animals.  Right now, the leader will be someone who stays in Iceland where there are no wild animals.  We let them lead those organisations like CITIES because they have money and they are able to pour in those funds.

The other problem is some of our African brothers may only have three elephants.  They talk as if they have thousands of elephants because they are being funded by NGOs and European countries so that they stay comfortably while we suffer. The Government should seek engagement with Central and North Africa so that they understand the problem that we have here of taking care of this whole world heritage, we are taking care of it here in Southern Africa.  All the northern areas, Western Africa, and Central Africa are included.  There is nothing, they devoured all the Chimpanzees that they had and that is also the cause of M-Pox. They are chasing after the Chimpanzees, but here we do not eat monkeys or baboons.  If only African Governments could find a way of negotiating with other African countries so that we find a good solution for us to continue conserving wild animals while benefiting to also enjoy the benefits so that free-range animals may continue to be seen. 

There is a country that misled us that they burnt ivory but the truth is they never burnt ivory.  I know what happened because they were given money, they were only meant to destabilise us here in Southern Africa so that we stop selling our wild animals, be it elephants or crocodiles.  They are in Appendix 1, we cannot sell them as live animals, you will have to seek permission from Conventional International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES).   They will say they must first of all see whether the destination is approved because CITES is biased since there are a lot of NGOs that support them.  They cannot approve of our elephants being sold in other countries, even in Southern Africa, they do not approve, and they will only say it is not an approved destination. 

Therefore, if only we as Governments in Southern Africa, I am very happy that His Excellency, Dr. E.D Mnangagwa, is now the SADC Chairman and will be able to assist.  He can negotiate with our neighbours in SADC so that we do not fight or quarrel.  CAMPFIRE, Madam President had started very well so much so that the rest of the world was now coming here to learn how human beings and wildlife can live amicably. Even in Australia, they would come here to learn how aborigines and human beings as well as their animals, the lacuna, could live comfortably with humans but now the problem is CAMPFIRE is no longer active but if I had power, I would ensure that the rural district councils appreciate that campfire led to the construction of clinics, schools, bridges all over the country even in areas where there were not much wildlife.  So, we need to resuscitate that so that we continue benefiting from the wild animals and at the same time we should be able to conserve our wildlife and we may then go back to the order of creation where as humans, we are supposed to be in charge of wild animals and be able to benefit from them.  I thank you.

+HON. SEN. R. NDLOVU: Thank you, Madam President. First of all, I would like to thank Hon. Senator Mohadi for moving the motion.  Madam President, the ferociousness of these animals has increased.  It has made the lives of people difficult.  I believe people have never lived close to animals. Animals have been staying in the bush but now because of their increased numbers, those boundaries which we had are not being kept properly, leading to the roaming of animals all over.

I will speak particularly looking at Matabeleland South and Matabeleland North where there is a lot of wildlife.  If you look at our boundaries, Matabeleland South, Botswana, there are places where animals enter into Zimbabwe.  As I speak right now, there is no water, most areas do not have water.  Where we have small dams, the elephants have gone into these dams and the water is no longer there.  Now these animals are invading people’s habitats because of the number of animals that are not being controlled.

As of late, there was a fence which was electrified but now it is no longer there.  Animals are roaming all over, they even go into Plumtree town.  When they do that people run away.  How can people live like that?  Can people run away from their homes and live in the bush? We therefore request all those Governments that meet with Zimbabwe, which are Botswana, Zambia, Namibia and us, that the leaders sit down and agree that they should put an electric fence right around.

CAMPFIRE is now a shadow of its former self; we no longer have fences.  Now animals roam all over, lions roam all over. Hwange National Park is the headquarters of all animals. People in Binga are living in fear and with problems, Lupane and Tsholotsho are the same. These animals are not friendly to people as they move around attacking our cattle and devouring them. I request therefore for the Government of Zimbabwe and the President of Zimbabwe as the Chairman of SADC as he is aware of this problem to talk to his counterparts and find a solution on this animal and human conflict. We need to find ways in which these animals can access water.

         The animals should stay in the bush and not come close to the people. Even crocodiles are now moving out of the water looking for food outside. When people go to fetch water, they are attacked by the crocodiles. We need experts who can look into this matter. Where there are rivers, I request Government to create water bodies so that animals do not move long distances looking for water and that will help save people’s lives. People are now afraid. Once it is in the evening, you cannot move around.

         Animals such as lions enter into our kraals attacking our livestock and people. This is a danger to people who do not have firearms. Let us look at the future of our children. Once animals such as elephants are seen moving around, children fail to attend school as they will be afraid. Long back, animals used to stay away from people but because of lack of food or resources, they are now coming to where people live. Even when you farm and beat tins, the animals are no longer afraid.

         The Government should come in and help people with food as these animals are destroying crops. Ivory is worth a lot of money but when people die, of what use is that ivory? I therefore request leaders of these countries that have a large population of animals to sit down and come up with a resolution on how to improve people’s lives where they are co-existing with animals. With those few words, I thank you.

         HON. SEN. MOHADI: I move that debate do now adjourn.

         HON. SEN. E. NYATHI: I second.

         Motion put and agreed to.

         Debate to resume: Wednesday, 11^th September, 2024.

MOTION

REPORT ON THE 55^TH PLENARY ASSEMBLY SESSION OF THE SADC-PARLIAMENTARY FORUM HOSTED BY THE PARLIAMENTS OF ANGOLA AND LUANDA

         HON. SEN. MBOHWA: I move the motion standing in my name that this House takes note of the Report of the 55^th Plenary Assembly Session of the SADC-Parliamentary Forum hosted by the Parliament of Angola, in Luanda on the theme, “The role of Parliaments in promoting renewable energy policies in the SADC region and establishing a single regional energy market”.

         HON. SEN. MOHADI: I second.

         HON. SEN. MBOHWA:

1.0        INTRODUCTION

• The 55^th Plenary Assembly Session of the SADC Parliamentary Forum (SADC PF) was graciously hosted by the National Assembly of Angola from the 1^st to 7^th July 2024 under the theme: “The role of Parliaments in promoting renewable energy policies in the SADC Region and establishing a single regional energy market”. 

1.2        The Zimbabwe delegation was led by Hon. Advocate Jacob Francis Nzwidamilimo Mudenda, Speaker of the Parliament of Zimbabwe, and it comprised the following Members of Parliament: -

• Maybe Mbohwa, Member of the Standing Committee on Gender Equality, Women Advancement and Youth Development and Chairperson of the Zimbabwe Women’s Parliamentary Caucus (ZWPC);
• Chinhenza Chigwadzara (Chief Matsiwo), Member of the Standing Committee on Food, Agriculture, Natural Resources and Climate Action;
• Tendai Nyabani, Chairperson of the Standing Committee on Democratisation, Governance and Human Rights;
• Mercy Mugomo, Member of the Standing Committee on Trade, Industry, Finance and Investment; and
• Lynette Karenyi, Member of the Standing Committee on Human and Social Development and Special Programmes

2.0        PRELIMINARY MEETINGS AND COURTESY CALLS

2.1        Honourable Speaker Mudenda was welcomed by Zimbabwe’s Ambassador to Luanda, Angola, His Excellency Ambassador Maj. Gen (Rtd) Dr. Thando Madzvamuse. In a packed pre-meetings schedule, Speaker Mudenda participated in events marking the International Day of Parliamentarism, highlighting the critical role played by the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) in promoting sound governance, constitutionalism and the rule of law. In his delivery, he emphasized the importance of Parliamentary diplomacy, international cooperation and the centrality of Parliament in upholding democratic accountability through its legislative, oversight and representative roles.  Speaker Mudenda in conversation with his delegation, from left to right Honourables; Maybe Mbohwa, Chinhenzva Chigwadzara (Chief Matsiwo), Tendai Nyabani and Lynette Karenyi-Kore

2.2      The Zimbabwean delegation prepared itself for the 55^th SADC-PF Assembly by reviewing key documents, including the Executive Committee and Treasurer’s Reports and the SADC-PF Strategic Plan (2024-2028). This plan is expected to guide the Regional Parliamentary body’s transformation into a fully-fledged SADC Regional Parliament.

2.3      Honourable Advocate Mudenda, together with fellow Speakers accompanied the President of the SADC-PF, Hon. R. Mancienne, paid a courtesy call on His Excellency, President João Lourenço of Angola at the Presidential Palace in Luanda. During the meeting, Speaker Mudenda provided an update on the progress towards transforming the SADC PF into a fully-fledged Regional Parliament, to which President Lourenço expressed strong support and reiterated Angola's commitment to this initiative.

Speaker Mudenda and His Excellency, President João Lourenço in

convivial cordialities

2.4      On the bylines of the Plenary Assembly, Speaker Mudenda met with Hon. Carolina Cerqueira, Host Speaker of the National Assembly of Angola, who commended his leadership in handling the SADC Strategic Lobbying Missions. Speaker Cerqueira further acknowledged the peace and stability in the SADC region. Additionally, she also commended Speaker Mudenda for his efforts in advancing Parliamentary diplomacy which has been critical in fostering positive relations and cooperation among the SADC Member Parliaments. In turn, Speaker Mudenda appreciated Angola's hospitality and praised Honourable Cerqueira's steadfast leadership which he epitomised by presenting her with an artefact of the Epworth Balancing Rocks in Zimbabwe in recognition of her rock solid leadership.

Honourable Advocate Mudenda presents the artefact of Balancing Rocks to the Speaker of the National Assembly of Angola, Honourable C. Cerquira.         

3.0      LAUNCH OF THE STRATEGIC PLAN 2024 TO 2028

 

3.1      Hon. Speaker Mudenda and his delegation attended the launch of the SADC PF Strategic Plan (2024-2028) and was honoured to be one of the eminent panelists to unpack the Strategic objectives of the Strategic Plan. The new Strategic Plan aims to enhance the capacity of National Parliaments, focusing on emerging themes such as Gender, Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights (SRHR), Climate Action, leadership on normative frameworks and fiscal governance. Further, key objectives of the Strategic Plan include strengthening Parliamentary democracy, promoting good governance, supporting socio-economic development, advocating for gender equality and youth empowerment and fostering regional integration.

3.2      In his remarks, Speaker Mudenda emphasised the Strategic Plan's criticality as a guiding compass document for Member Parliaments. He further extolled its anchoring of the SADC PF’s Parliamentary processes. He further stressed the need for budgetary support and regular evaluation to ensure the Strategic Plan's successful implementation.

 

3.3      During the ensuing press Conference, Honourable Speaker Mudenda underscored the necessity of multilateral efforts in pursuit of peace and security in the SADC region. This extended to addressing the conflicts in Northern Mozambique and Eastern DRC and thus required sustained advocacy and Parliamentary diplomacy to resolve conflicts globally. The event concluded with a ribbon-cutting ceremony and a call for cohesive action among SADC Member Parliaments to bring the Strategic Plan's objectives to fruition.

4.0      OFFICIAL OPENING OF THE 55^TH SADC-PF PLENARY ASSEMBLY SESSION

4.1      The 55th Plenary Assembly of the SADC-PF was officially opened on the 2nd July 2024. Hon. Roger Mancienne, President of SADC-PF and Speaker of the National Assembly of Seychelles, presided over the ceremony which included addresses from key figures such as Ms. Boemo Sekgoma, Secretary General of the SADC PF and Hon. Carolina Cerqueira, Host and Speaker of the National Assembly of Angola. The session highlighted the need for strong, resilient Parliaments to address regional challenges, including public debt, conflicts and renewable energy power generation. Solidarity messages from various Inter-Parliamentary bodies further emphasised the very need for collaboration in achieving regional integration and socio-economic development.

4.2 In his official opening address, Hon. Roger Mancienne, reiterated the critical importance of collaborations in addressing regional challenges. The SADC PF President updated the Assembly on the Transformation Agenda insisting on the need to have all        

Parliaments to sign the Agreement that amends the SADC Treaty        to enable the finalization of the transformation process. The SADC PF President also lauded Zambia for being the 11th SADC          country to append its signature to the Agreement to amend the SADC Treaty which signing would be after the official opening of the Assembly to make one short of the desired 12 signatures threshold. Hon. Mancienne acknowledged instructive Speaker Mudenda’s leadership of the Strategic Lobbying Team for the Transformation Agenda, whose assignment clearly is coming to fruition. In fact, he informed that the Lobbying Team had made tremendous inroads in nudging Member countries to append their signatures on the Agreement in the spirit of inclusivity.

4.3 In her remarks, Ms. Boemo Segkoma, extended gratitude to the host Parliament of Angola for its excellent hospitality and logistical arrangements. The Secretary General lauded Angola for hosting the Plenary Assembly for a record fifth time and paid tribute to Angola for creating an enabling environment for the economic prosperity of the country.

4.4      The official opening session also featured messages of solidarity, from the East African Legislative Assembly. Additionally, H.E. Onyango Kakoba, Secretary General of the Forum of Parliaments of the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region, who expressed gratitude for the invitation and outlined the role of the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region whose thrust is regional integration thereto.

4.5      Similarly, Hon. Dr. Tulia Ackson, President of the Inter-Parliamentary Union and Speaker of the Parliament of the United Republic of Tanzania, acknowledged the SADC Region for the immense support rendered to her in her IPU Presidential bid. Further to this, she also outlined the programme of work for the remainder of the year, including the Summit of the Future and the World Speakers of Parliaments Conference scheduled for the last quarter of 2025.

4.6      Furthermore, Hon. Shally Josefa Raymond, President of the Regional Women’s Parliamentary Caucus (RWPC), paid tribute to SADC PF for establishing the Regional Women's Parliamentary Caucus and other organs championing gender issues at both National and Regional levels. She emphasised the pivotal importance of strengthening these Caucuses within Member Parliaments and urged Legislative Assemblies to mainstream gender issues in their work plans.

4.7      In her welcome remarks, Hon. Carolina Cerqueira, called for the creation of strong and resilient Parliaments capable of responding to geopolitical issues affecting Member States. She urged Parliaments to work collaboratively in addressing critical problems affecting the region holistically, including the impact of public debt, conflicts and prudential management of the public purse. Cognisant of the theme, she exhorted national Parliaments to create a supportive environment for harnessing the use of renewable energy to propel the SADC regional economic development agenda in pursuant of green economies.

4.8      The opening session concluded with a vote of thanks from Rt. Hon. Nelly Butete Kashumba Mutti, SC, MP, Speaker of the Parliament of the Republic of Zambia and host for the 56th Plenary Assembly of SADC PF to be held in November 2024.

 

 

 

Delegates pose for a Group Photo after official opening ceremony

5.0      ZIMBABWE’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE THEME AND THE KEY DELIVERABLES DURING THE SADC PF SYMPOSIUM

5.1      The Plenary Assembly focused on promoting renewable energy policies and creating a unified regional energy pool market. Hon. Advocate Mudenda emphasised the untapped potential of renewable resources in the SADC region, advocating for the prioritisation of key projects such as the Grand Inga Dam hydroelectric project in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). He urged Parliaments to develop comprehensive energy policy frameworks, increase budget allocations for renewable energy and harmonise regional energy policies. The Honourable Speaker’s impactful address called for swift action towards a clean, secure and affordable energy future, highlighting the cardinality of nuclear power as a low-carbon alternative to enhance energy security and environmental conservation.

5.2      Speaker Mudenda further implored Parliaments, as accountability institutions, to effectively discharge their tripartite mandate of legislative, representation and oversight in order to ensure that the policy and regulatory environment enabled the speedy transition towards a clean, secure and affordable energy future for the SADC region. 

5.3 Prof. Kátia Gabriel, representing ISPTECH, an Institute that champions the implementation of scientific research through projects and interaction with the community through extension projects, delivered an incisive presentation. It was highlighted that the Centre had developed a system that combines solar power and biogas to provide electricity in rural areas. This involved surveying and categorising local waste and using anaerobic digesters to turn organic waste into biogas. In the process, the Institute educated the communities about renewable energy by exploring income generation opportunities from fertilizer production and small businesses benefitting from the generated electricity. Financial, technical and regulatory support in this regard should be provided by Government.

5.4      The Plenary Assembly also received a presentation on how Angola is making significant progress towards becoming Africa's green energy bank. Mapping studies by the Ministry of Energy and Water in the country had identified substantial renewable energy potential including 16.3 gigawatts in solar power, 3.9 gigawatts in wind power and 18 gigawatts in hydropower.

6.0      ZIMBABWE'S PROGRESS REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 54^TH SADC PF PLENARY ASSEMBLY RESOLUTIONS

6.1      Parliament of Zimbabwe presented its progress report on the resolutions from the 54^th Plenary Assembly Session held in Port Louis, Mauritius. Hon. Maybe Mbowa, Chairperson of Zimbabwe’s Women’s Parliamentary Caucus, underlined Zimbabwe’s achievements in implementing the resolutions. On the Resolution of the theme to promote climate justice by reducing the carbon footprint through measures in line with the Paris Agreement regularly reported to the COP, it was emphasized that the Parliament of Zimbabwe has established a Parliamentary Technical Committee (PTC) on Climate Change and the consequential climate action thereof. Accordingly, on 15^th and 16^th March 2024, this Committee conducted a climate change sensitisation workshop for all Members of Parliament, relevant Ministries and Civil Society Organisations (CSOs). Additionally, Parliament promulgated Statutory Instrument 150 of 2023, which regulates the thriving carbon credits trading opportunities for climate action in Zimbabwe.

6.2      On the Resolution of the theme to promote climate justice by reducing the carbon footprint through measures in line with the Paris Agreement regularly reported to the COP

  The Parliament of Zimbabwe has established a Parliamentary Technical Committee (PTC) on Climate Change and the consequential climate action thereof. Accordingly, on 15^th and 16^th March 2024, this Committee conducted a climate change sensitisation workshop for all Members of Parliament, relevant Ministries and Civil Society Organizations (CSOs). Furthermore, Parliament promulgated Statutory Instrument 150 of 2023, which regulates the thriving carbon credits trading opportunities for climate action in Zimbabwe.        

6.3 On the Resolution which seeks to address climate resilience in a way which mainstreams gender and ensures that the voices of women are heard in decision-making processes on disaster preparedness, A holistic Climate Change Bill will be under consideration during the current session of the 10th Parliament. The Bill will operationalize the National Climate Change Fund to effect climate action in Zimbabwe.

6.4 On the Resolution to organise digital skills training programmes for rural women to enable them to effectively use digital technologies. The Universal Service Fund, managed by the Postal and Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of Zimbabwe (POTRAZ), has launched a skills development programme targeting citizens in rural areas, including women and girls who were trained in digital skills and literacy.

6.5 On the Resolution on influencing governments to domesticate the SADC Model Law on Gender-Based Violence. Zimbabwe has enacted the Domestic Violence Act. Additionally, in January 2024, Zimbabwe launched the National Strategy (2020 -20230) to prevent and address Gender-Based-Violence (GBV). Five One Stop Centres have been established to strengthen the multi-sectoral response to GBV.

6.6  On the Resolution to call upon SADC Member States to increase funding towards education and to further create synergies with stakeholders in the education sector.

  The Zimbabwe Parliament has consistently shown a strong commitment to education by consistently increased budget allocations with the Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education receiving 3.86% of the national budget in 2022, 3.73% in 2023 and 4.64% in 2024. Additionally, Parliament also allocates funds for the Basic Education Assistance Module (BEAM) to support indigent learners at Primary and Secondary level.

6.7  On the Resolution to encourage Governments of Member States to review the education curriculum since most curricula have become relics of the colonial legacy and out of sync with the demands of the modern world.

  Zimbabwe has crafted the new heritage-based 5.0 education curricula anchored on teaching, research, community service science and technology. 

6.8  On the Resolution to take urgent and deliberate measure to encourage and facilitate youth participation in electoral processes by creating policies and frameworks that reflect the needs and concerns of young people, amplifying their voices through organised platforms for engagement, and making electoral fees affordable for young people to enable their participation.

  The Zimbabwe Parliament passed the Electoral Amendment Act in 2023 pursuant to Constitutional Amendment 2, which introduced a ten Member youth quota in the National Assembly. Furthermore, Zimbabwe Parliamentary Youth Caucus attests to Parliament's commitment to amplifying the voices of young people in the Parliamentary processes. Additionally, Parliament annually hosts the Junior Parliament and the Junior Councils to debate policy issues affecting the youth such as access to education, digital technologies, drug and substance abuse as well as Gender-Based Violence.

6.9  On the Resolution to call for immediate actions to counter the recruitment of youth by rebel groups and their susceptibility to violent extremism by offering enhanced educational and economic opportunities to engage them constructively alongside implementing reforms to safeguard the rights of young people in the region.

  Zimbabwe has established 68 Vocational Training Centres (VTCs) and 15 satellite VTCs dotted across all Provinces to provide life and entrepreneurial skills to school leavers. Recently, the National Youth Service programme was launched in order to instill patriotism, leadership and civic responsibility among youths in Zimbabwe. The Youth Bill is being crafted to ensure holistic youth empowerment.

6.10  On the Resolution to urge Member States to avert debt distress by pushing for stronger coordination between multilateral, bilateral and private creditors to offer debt relief to all countries in or at risk of debt distress, including reforming the Common Framework for debt treatment by making the process more efficient, transparent and inclusive.

  The Government of Zimbabwe has initiated a comprehensive Arrears Clearance, Debt Relief and Restructuring Strategy in collaboration with the African Development Bank and former President Joaquim Alberto Chissano.

6.11 On the Resolution to call upon SADC Members States to promote inclusivity and gender responsiveness towards climate change while at the same time, implementing the Paris Agreement.

  Zimbabwe has launched its Climate Change Gender Action Plan aimed at systematic mainstreaming of gender in all climate actions in both public and private sectors.

6.12 On the Resolution to prompt SADC Member States to formulate legal frameworks that compel miners to consider environmental rehabilitation and regeneration and hold miners accountable for any damage.

  The Zimbabwe Environmental Management Act provides for the sustainable management of natural resources and conservation of the environment in the mining sector.

6.13 On the Resolution to pass climate-financing budget and use all available instruments to mitigate climate change consequences to the people and the environment.

  The Parliament of Zimbabwe has facilitated climate-sensitive policies, including the National Climate Policy and various strategies on Climate action funding has been availed as follows: US$7 million in 2022 and US$15 million in 2023. The Infrastructure Development Bank of Zimbabwe marshalling a Climate Finance Facility (GFF) of up to US$7.88 Billion by 2030.

6.14  On the Resolution to facilitate capacity building for women and youths to promote active engagement in agriculture.

  Through the Zimbabwe Farmers' Union's Youth Development Programme (YDP), women and youths are involved in the Pfumvunza/Intwasa, a sustainable small holder smart agriculture conservation farming programme and are receiving ICT training for agricultural value chains and market access. The innovative resources base includes the Presidential Heifer Pass-On-Scheme and 500 hectares of land for youth projects to boost farming productivity.

6.15 On the Resolution to domesticate the SADC Model Law on Eradicating Child Marriages and Protecting Children already in Marriages and for the enforcement laws that are put in place at national level to eradicate child marriages.

  This has been complied with through a Constitutional Court ruling in 2016 which stipulated that child marriages are unconstitutional as they violate the 18 years age of majority threshold. The new Marriage Act of 2022 thus prohibits marriage for those under 18 years old.

6.16 On the need to promote cooperation between respective Member States and BRICS

  As stipulated in section 327 of the Zimbabwean Constitution, Parliament ratified a 2024 Agreement with the Russian Federation on Science, Technology and Innovation. Furthermore, Parliament has a robust benchmarking visit programme and embarks on bilateral visits which have strengthened Parliamentary Diplomacy and cooperation with BRICS and other countries. Additionally, in April and May 2024, Speaker Mudenda led a delegation to Mozambique at the invitation of Speaker Esperança Laurinda Francisco Nhiuane Bias, which resulted in significant collaborative outcomes and the strengthening of Inter-parliamentary cooperation agreements between the two Parliaments.

         Hon Maybe Mbohwa, presented Zimbabwe’s Country Report to the Plenary Assembly

7.0      ADOPTION OF THE REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE AND THE TREASURER’S REPORT

 

7.1      The Executive Committee (EXCO) tabled its report for consideration and adoption by the 55^th Plenary Assembly. The EXCO of the SADC Parliamentary Forum (SADC PF) had met on 15^th and 16^th  June 2024, in Cape Town, South Africa.

7.2      The Report acknowledged that the 55^th Plenary Assembly meeting marked a significant step towards regional integration and enhanced global engagement. The key discussions included the transformation of SADC PF into a Regional Parliament and financial matters, with an emphasis on continued lobbying missions led by Hon. Advocate Mudenda to secure all the country signatures for the amendment of the SADC Treaty to enable the SADC PF to transform into the SADC Regional Parliament.

7.3 The Plenary Assembly approved the institutionalisation of the  domestication of the SADC Model Law on Elections and endorsed the continuation of regional webinars for sustained learning beyond traditional Election Observation Missions. It also recognized the cardinal role of the media engagement, including nominating representatives from national Parliaments to enhance media campaigns within a structured framework.

7.4      The Assembly noted progress in the SIDA-supported SRHR Project and encouraged member Parliaments to utilize the availed resources. Addresses from partners like the APHRC and Oxfam underscored commitments to enhancing Parliamentary effectiveness and action on gender justice, climate change, and governance. The resolutions adopted reflect a collective dedication to regional integration and sustainable socio –economic development, marking the Assembly as a significant milestone towards a fully-fledged Regional Parliament.

7.5      The Plenary Assembly also received the Treasurer’s report which stressed the need for the SADC PF to position itself to transform into a Regional Parliament. In this regard, it has become more critical, now than ever before, that the financial sustainability of the institution be fully secured.

8.0      MOTIONS ADOPTED DURING THE 55^th PLENARY ASSEMBLY MEETINGS

8.1      Report of the Standing Committee on Democracy, Governance and Human Rights (DGHR)

8.1.1   The Plenary Assembly adopted the resolution for SADC Parliaments to leverage their legislative mandates to enact and oversee laws that focus on electoral risk prevention, management and the enhancement of resilience in electoral processes to ensure the integrity and credibility of elections across the region.

8.1.2   Further, it was noted that there is need for a collaborative approach to addressing cross-cutting issues such as gender equality and human rights in electoral processes in order to ensure the inclusion and participation of women, youth and marginalised groups in all stages of the electoral cycle.

8.1.3   There was a call for dialogue and consensus-building among stakeholders to implement the necessary electoral reforms through the domestication of the Model Law on Elections, to ensure inclusive and transparent electoral processes that align with international best practices.

 

8.2      Report of the Standing Committee Regional Women’s Parliamentary Caucus (RWPC)

8.2.1   The Zimbabwe delegation stressed the importance of practical measures for women's access to resources and equal opportunities as mandated by the Zimbabwe Constitution. The report underscored the role of national legislation like the Immovable Property Prevention and Discrimination Act, the National Financial Inclusion Strategy and the Broad-Based Women’s Economic Empowerment Framework in promoting women's financial inclusion.

8.2.2   The Government of Zimbabwe was commended on the establishment of the Zimbabwe Women’s Microfinance Bank and Women's Desks in banks. Parliaments were urged to foster financial sector inclusion, provide regulatory oversight and to hold Governments to account for policies on women's economic empowerment and prioritise gender-sensitive budgeting.

8.3      Report of the Standing Committee on Human and Social Development and Special Programmes (HSDSP)

8.3.1   The Standing Committee on Human and Social Development and Special Programmes emphasised the urgent need for national Parliaments and the SADC Parliamentary Forum to address challenges facing children's rights in the SADC region. The Committee hopes that the recommendations that have put forward in this report will go a long way in addressing the challenges faced by children in the SADC region and thereby ensure their protection, development and respect of their rights.

8.4      Report of the Standing Committee on Gender Equality, Women Advancement and Youth Development

8.4.1   The Committee recognised the pervasive issue of violence against women in politics and elections. It emphasized the need for a level playing field, training programmes and the demystification of discriminatory cultural values. The Committee recommended comprehensive measures, including creating complaint mechanisms within political parties, criminalising violence against women during elections, raising awareness and ensuring support and justice for victims thereof.

8.4.2   The Committee further called for SADC Member States to adopt holistic measures to the conundrum faced by women in politics and during elections. Furthermore, the Committee called for research into the issue and the enactment of laws to protect women’s participation in politics.

9.0      RESOLUTIONS AND WAY FORWARD

9.1      Plenary adopted the resolution to intensify and finalise efforts for the transformation of the SADC PF into a fully-fledged Regional Parliament. Recognizing the crucial role of a Regional Parliamentary institution in fostering democracy, good governance and socio-economic development, member states committed to securing the final signature to amend the SADC Treaty. This milestone will align the SADC region with other African regional blocs and anchor it firmly within the Pan African Parliament (PAP).  The dedicated task force, led the Chairperson of the Strategic Lobby Team, Hon. Advocate Jacob Francis Nzwidamilimo Mudenda, will coordinate and expedite the lobbying efforts required to achieve this goal.

 

9.2      Plenary adopted the resolution to vigorously implement the SADC-PF Strategic Plan 2024-2028. This plan provides a clear roadmap for the

Forum's long-term goals, aligning resources and ensuring coherence of its strategic goals. Member States were encouraged to allocate necessary resources and establish monitoring mechanisms to ensure effective implementation of the Plan.

9.3      Plenary adopted the resolution to enhance collaboration with key partners to improve Parliamentary effectiveness across the SADC region. This includes the continuation of collaborative efforts with African Population Health and Research Centre (APHRC), Oxfam and other development partners to address issues such     as child marriages, gender equality, prevention of gender-based violence, climate change and poverty eradication.

9.4      The Assembly also resolved to institutionalise the SADC Model Law on Public Financial Management and other key legislative frameworks. This will involve capacity-building initiatives, innovative tools for budget expenditure tracking and efforts to enhance transparency and resource allocation by National Parliaments.

9.5      The Plenary adopted the resolution to build strong, resilient Parliaments capable of addressing regional challenges which include public debt, conflicts and energy deficiencies. Comprehensive strategies are needed to strengthen these legislative frameworks.

9.6      The Plenary resolved to recognise and support the efforts of Inter-

Parliamentary bodies. Solidarity messages from entities like the East African Legislative Assembly and the Forum of Parliaments of the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region were acknowledged.

9.7      Plenary Assembly adopted the resolution to strengthen gender-mainstreaming efforts within Member Parliaments. Parliamentarians        

emphasised the need for reinforcing the Regional Women's Parliamentary Caucus and integrating gender issues into Parliamentary work plans. This resolution aims to ensure that gender equality remains a central component of Parliamentary agendas, promoting inclusive governance and sustainable development.

9.8      The Plenary adopted the resolution to promote renewable energy policies and create a unified regional energy market. There is need to utilize the untapped potential of renewable resources in the SADC region and advocated for prioritising key projects like the Inga Dam hydroelectric project in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the use of nuclear power to generate electricity.

9.9      Parliaments were further urged to develop comprehensive energy policy frameworks, increase budget allocations for renewable energy and harmonise regional energy policies to achieve a clean, secure and affordable energy future.

9.10    The Plenary resolved to support the ratification and domestication of SADC Protocols on renewable energy. There is need for swift action towards transitioning to clean, sustainable energy sources, underscoring the necessity of nuclear power generation as a low-carbon alternative.

9.11    There is need for scientific research into community-based renewable         energy projects. Member States should benchmark and adopt

progressive systems that combine solar power and biogas to provide electricity to rural areas and in the process spurring community involvement. The resolution seeks to replicate successful models, ensuring financial, technical and regulatory support from Governments to foster local renewable energy initiatives.

9.12    The Plenary recognised Angola's progress towards becoming Africa's green energy bank and adopted the resolution to leverage mapping studies for identifying renewable energy potential. With substantial potential in solar, wind and hydropower, Angola serves as a model for other member states. The resolution calls for regional collaboration to maximise renewable energy capacity and create a sustainable energy network within the SADC region.

9.13    The Plenary resolved to uphold the role of Parliaments as

accountability institutions tasked with ensuring that the policy and regulatory environment in member countries to enable the speedy transition towards a clean, secure and affordable energy future for all SADC citizens. This resolution underscores the critical responsibility of legislative bodies in driving the region's energy transformation, promoting transparency and fostering sustainable development.

The full dossier of the Plenary Assembly resolutions will be availed by the SADC Parliamentary Forum in due course for consideration by        

Portfolio and Thematic Committees of the Parliament of Zimbabwe. The Standing Committees at Parliament of Zimbabwe are encouraged to access full reports of the Plenary Assembly on :  https://plenary.sadcpf.org/documentation

10.0    CONCLUSION

10.1 Parliament of Angola successfully aligned the excursions to the massive and extensive Benguela Solar Park, with the theme of the 55th Plenary Assembly of the SADC PF.  The delegation's visit to the Benguela Solar Park showcased the potential for sustainable energy projects to address the region's energy deficit and drive regional integration.

10.2 Additionally, the tour of the Port of Lobito underscored Angola's strategic position as a gateway to regional trade and prosperity, benefiting land-linked SADC countries, including Zimbabwe.        

10.3 The Plenary Assembly concluded by calling on Member Parliaments to continue intensifying collaborative efforts that ensure clean energy self-sufficiency and sustenance in the SADC region and beyond.

10.4  Parliament of Zimbabwe commits itself to the full implementation of the resolutions of the Plenary Assembly which will be shared among all Members of Parliament to facilitate action by different Portfolio and Thematic Committees. 

10.5    The 56^th Plenary Assembly of the SADC PF will be hosted by the Republic of Zambia in November 2024. I thank you.

         HON. SEN. MOHADI:  Thank you Mr. President for giving me a chance just to say a few words to this report that was presented by Hon. Senator Mbohwa who is the Chairperson of the Women’s Caucus. 

         Mr. President, let me also thank the SADC team led by the Speaker, Hon. Adv. J. F. N. Mudenda during the session.  Mr. President, it is not easy to meet such countries and have an input, but I congratulate Zimbabwe for being chosen to spearhead the gender-violence programme.  It was not just chosen, it was chosen first by their deeds, if they do not contribute anything – they would not have been chosen to do so.  So, we should also congratulate them – [HON. SENATORS: Hear, hear.] – so that they get more strength to do their work.  When they go there as a team, it does not mean that they are just going, they are attending on our behalf.  What they bring back is the benefit of Zimbabwe.  So, siyalibonga kakhulu.

         Also, Madam President, they had resolutions that were passed during the time when they were there.  One of them was a motion that was tabled by our own Speaker of Zimbabwe on renewable resources.  He touched on the issue of the of the Inga dam.  The Inga Dam Madam President, has been on the cards for quite a long time because the Inga Dam in Congo is a big dam of which if it were completed, we would not be crying about energy because we would be having enough energy for the Southern Region.  But just because there is slow progress, it has taken quite a long time now but nevertheless, we do not lose hope because of things delaying, we are assured that one of the good days, the region is going to make it.

         Madam President, the report also dwells on the regional Parliament that SADC is fighting for. It has also taken time and out of all these regions, it is only the southern region that does not have its own Parliament.  So, as Parliaments, we have to assist wherever possible in whatever we can do in order for this Parliament to be authorised to do their duties because it stands for those 16 countries that we are talking about as a Parliament just like any other country.  So, there is need for us to support the SADC PF.  Madam President, there is nothing that is impossible if ever we are willing to do it.  We have to pursue all means so that our goals and objectives are met as a team on SADC PF. With these few words, Madam President, let me say that together and united we can make it.  I so submit.   I thank you.

         HON. SEN. MBOHWA:  I move that the debate do now adjourn.

         HON. SEN. MOHADI:  I second.

Motion put and agreed to.

Debate to resume:  Wednesday, 11^th September, 2024

MOTION

IMPROVEMENT ON SERVICE DELIVERY BY LOCAL AUTHORITIES

         Fifth Order read: Adjourned debate on motion on challenges bedevilling local authorities in the provision of services.

         Question again proposed.

          HON. SEN. MUZENDA:  Madam President, I move that the debate do now adjourn.

         HON. SEN: GOTORA:  I second.

         Motion put and agreed to.

         Debate to resume: Wednesday, 11^th September, 2024.

MOTION

SHORTAGES OF WATER IN CITIES AND OTHER TOWNS

         Sixth Order read:  Adjourned debate on motion on the perennial water shortages in the cities of Harare and Bulawayo.

         Queston again proposed.

         HON. SEN. MOHADI:  Thank you Madam President for giving me this opportunity just to add a few things on this motion which was moved by Hon. Senator Ritta Ndlovu.

         Madam President, water is fundamental for sustainable development in Zimbabwe, essential for health, food security, economic growth and environmental sustainability.  Access to clean and safe drinking water prevents water born diseases, improves public health and reduces health care costs.  In agriculture, water is vital for irrigation, enhancing productivity and ensuring food security especially in drought prone areas.  Industrial processes depend on reliable water supply supporting manufacturing…

         THE TEMPORARY PRESIDENT OF SENATE:  Order Hon. Senator Mohadi.  Hon. Senator Muzenda can you switch off the microphone. 

         HON. SEN. MOHADI: Supporting manufacturing and energy production thereby driving economic growth.  Hence, ecosystems require sustainable water management to maintain bio diversity and resilience against climate change.  Equitable access to water resources supports social stability and reduces conflict over water ensuring that marginalised communities have their basic needs met.

         Madam President, the National Development Strategy 1 emphasises the importance of water resources in its development priorities.  Key focus areas include the construction and rehabilitation of water infrastructure like dams, boreholes and irrigation systems to enhance water availability and reliability.

         The strategy promotes Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) for sustainable use and conservation of water resources.  Enhancing the resilience of water systems to climate change impacts through water saving technologies and efficient irrigation practices is a priority.  Improving urban water supply systems to provide consistent and safe drinking water and expanding access to clean water and sanitation facilities in rural areas to improve public health and livelihoods are also critical components of the strategy.

Madam President, the Constitution of Zimbabwe recognises water as a fundamental human right.  Section 77 of the Constitution states that every person has the right to safe, clean and potable water, underscoring the Government’s obligation to ensure universal access to water.  It mandates the sustainable and equitable management of water resources for the benefit of all citizens and outlines the Government’s duty to develop and implement policies and programmes that ensure the availability and accessibility of water by protecting water resources from pollution and overuse.  The National Water Policy of 2013 is a policy framework that defines Zimbabwe’s approach to water resource management with a focus on equitable access, sustainable usage and integrated management.  It underlines the importance of effective water infrastructure and governance mechanisms to maintain water security in both urban and rural locations.

Currently, Zimbabwe has twelve dams under construction and these are Gwayi-Shangani, Semwa, Bulawayo, Kunzvi, Vungu, Tuli-Manyange, Ziminya, Deve, Muchekeranwa, Dande, Mbada and Bindura Dams.  These initiatives are part of a broader effort to enhance water security and support agricultural activity across the country.  Madam President, Gwayi-Shangani, the flagship dam is presently at 68% finished with a capacity of 619.1m³. The project includes building the dam and installing a 252 km pipeline that leads to Bulawayo.  The dam is currently 31 meters high with a maximum height of 72 meters.  On the other hand, 9km of the pipeline’s 140 km run have been excavated.  There is pipeline trenching going on.  The Gwayi-Shangani is to provide water supply to Bulawayo.  In Nkayi, Zimunya Dam is 30% finished and it is to supply water to Nkayi for 500 HA irrigation. 

         Semwa which has a capacity of 260 M3 is to supply Rushinga Chimhanda 10 000 HA irrigation, fisheries, and hydropower which is at 32% complete.  The Defe Dam is under 6.1% with a capacity of 18M3 and it is to supply rural communities in Gokwe North, irrigation and fisheries.

         Additionally, 95% of the foundation clearance and 65% of the site’s access road has been finished.  In contrast, the US$88 million Tuli Manyange Dam in Matabeleland South is currently 33% constructed.  The   Construction of Gwayi-Shangani and Zimunya Dams will cost respectively US$289 million and US$133 million.

         Madam President, the Zimbabwean Government has initiated several programmes to improve water infrastructure and management.  The National Matabeleland Zambezi Water Project (NMZWP) aims to supply water from the Zambezi River to the arid Matabeleland region enhancing water availability for domestic and agricultural use.  The Accelerated Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Programme (ARWSSP) focuses on increasing access to clean water and improved sanitation in rural areas through the construction of boreholes, wells, and latrines.  Investment in building new dams and rehabilitating existing ones such as the Tugwi-Mukosi and Marovanyati Dams aims to improve water storage capacity and support irrigation. 

         Urban water supply and sanitation projects like the Harare Water and Sanitation Rehabilitation Project aim to provide reliable and safe water to urban residents.  Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) projects promote sustainable water use practices including catchment protection, efficient irrigation systems and community-based water management programmes.

Additionally, public-private partnerships (PPPs) are engaged to leverage additional resources and expertise for projects like the Gwayi-Shangani Dam.  These comprehensive efforts are critical to ensuring that water resources support Zimbabwe’s national development goals.

         The Zimbabwean Government allocated a substantial budget of $22 billion for these projects in 2023 to ensure their timely completion and to address the pressing water needs in various provinces (Sunday Mail), (International Water Power).  The Government has drilled over 700 boreholes across the country under the Presidential Rural Development Programme, which is being implemented by the Zimbabwe National Water Authority (ZINWA).  Under the programme, ZINWA is set to drill and equip a borehole for each of the country’s 35 000 villages by 2025. (Chronicle)

         The Presidential Rural Development Programme wherein a total of 2, 963 drilled boreholes; 1,161 have been equipped with bush pumps while 249 boreholes have been solarised for water reticulation.  A total of 3200 boreholes need to be urgently rehabilitated and a budget of US$4 800 000 for borehole spares will be required.

The country’s 60 district maintenance teams responsible for the borehole maintenance will need to be re-tooled at a budget of US$ 90,000.  Provinces with the least access to improved drinking water include Masvingo (68.6%), followed by Mashonaland West (73.6%).  In terms of access to basic drinking water services, Matabeleland South has the least access at 47.9%

         Madam President, water sanitation and hygiene (WAS) efforts have made a substantial contribution to the health and development of Zimbabwean communities.  These activities have had a significant impact on public health, educational outcomes, and economic prosperity.  For example, the installation of boreholes and rainwater collection systems in rural regions has substantially improved access to clean water lowering the prevalence of waterborne diseases like cholera and dysentery. 

         Schools with improved WASH facilities have witnessed higher attendance rates, especially among girls who are more likely to stay in school when sufficient sanitary facilities are available. Furthermore, community-led total sanitation (CLTS) projects have enabled residents to uphold hygienic standards resulting in reduction in open defecation and its related health hazards. About 60% of people in Zimbabwe have access to clean water with urban regions having a greater coverage than rural areas. We had assistance from UNICEF, SGC and AMCOL. Zimbabwe has created a gender sensitive national sanitation and hygiene policy in line with the SDGs. This strategy seeks to eliminate open defecation in Zimbabwe by 2030. Madam President, let me once more thank you for giving me this opportunity to add my voice. I thank you.

         HON. SEN. GOTORA: I would like to thank Hon. Sen. Ndlovu for bringing this very important motion on board, particularly looking at the two major cities that she mentioned. The history of water management in Zimbabwe is a longish one, dating back to the 1920s when Southern Rhodesia copied hook, line and sinker, the South African Water Act. That South African Water Act gave Harare, Salisbury then and Bulawayo what were then called in those days water rights. The water rights meant that once you have a right, you have a monopoly of water within the given catchment area.

         Harare was given water rights for almost the whole of Mashonaland East for their use and Bulawayo was given water rights for almost the whole of Matebeleland South for their own use. That is why Bulawayo built its dams to the South East of Bulawayo and Harare built its water reservoirs to the south west of the then Salisbury. It is a very unfortunate situation because they should have built their dams at that particular time upstream rather than downstream, but Zimbabwe was stuck with that South African type of water Act until 1996 when the then Minister of Water and Agriculture, the late Kumbirai Kangai sort to reform the water Act of the country. They experimented with the Mazowe catchment area to make sure that everybody understood what was happening.

         The Mazowe catchment area incorporates parts of Harare, part of the north and western part of Harare. For almost five to six years, people like the late James Sakupwanya who is a doctor in water engineering management and Simon Pazvakavambwa battled with whites to make sure that we properly reform the water sector in the country so that we remove the issue called water rights because all the rights of water in the country were now in the hands of either Harare or Bulawayo and the whites. The rest of us, we only had water for bathing and drinking. Commercial water was out of the question. So, Harare and Bulawayo had a privilege which they should have used to their advantage.

         Now, when the new Water Act was put in place, the country was divided into seven (7) catchment areas and Harare –

         (Power outage.)

         I was talking about the water reform sector in the country. From 1996 to 2000, the process of reforming the water sector in Zimbabwe was in progress until the year 2000 when the Water Act and ZINWA Act – originally, the Water Act and ZINWA Act were a combined document but because of the processes and systems in adequately managing water, it was then decided to separate the Water Act from the ZINWA Act which is the organisation and Water Act, the liquid that we all use. Harare had upper Manyame Sub-catchment Council, lower Manyame Sub-catchment Council and upper Mazowe Sub-catchment Council, three (3) sub-catchment councils.

Fortunately for Harare, the Chairman of the upper Manyame Sub-catchment Council was the current City of Harare Water Engineer. A young man then straight from college. He decided to make sure that together with his counterparts in the sub catchment council, decided that people participated in managing water because that was the whole purpose of amending the Water Act to give the water management rights to the ordinary water users. Water was divided into two; commercial and communal water. Communal people were then excused from paying for water but the urban and commercial farming area were asked to use what was then called the Water User Pay Principle. They were supposed to pay.

         Upper Manyame was a role model of all the sub-catchment councils in the country.  They took over the running of the eastern side of Harare which included the Letombo Water Works which supplies water to Highlands that is Mabvuku and Tafara.  The sub-catchment council worked on the Letombo Water Works which was not in use for almost 10 years and they resuscitated it.  Unfortunately, because of politics, everything was disbanded.  The President is talking about, ‘Nyika inovakwa nevene vayo’, but in this case, ‘Nyika inoputswa nevene vayo’.  That is why Mabvuku, Highlands and Tafara do not have water today and they have not had water for almost 15 years now. 

         It is all because someone failed and this was going to give credit to the then Government.  Everything was stopped.  Let me leave Harare and go to Bulawayo.  There is this Matebeleland Zambezi water project which has been talked about for ages.  I can tell you that someone was given US$26 million in my presence to get that thing to move.  I am not sure if it has moved an inch.  People were refusing to work on the current Gwayi-Shangani Dam because they said they wanted water from Zambezi.  I got the facts because I was there.  So, the 26 million went in to somebody’s pocket.

         In 2007, the Bulawayo City Council, on the advice of the former town Engineer Mlilo who was then Deputy Minister of Local Government, advised Bulawayo City Council to get water from Mtshabezi Dam.  The people there refused to get water from that dam and said, ‘sifuna amanzi from Zambezi’.  That is what they said in my presence.  Water pipes were delivered from Harare Turnal Asbestos - 26-inch water pipes to Mtshabezi so that they could get connected to Mtshabezi Dam.  People refused but now they have connected themselves to Mtshabezi Dam on six-inch pipes instead of 26-inch pipes.  The pipes were moved to other areas where they were accepted – [HON. MEMBERS: Saka akaendepi mapipe iwayo?] - 

         THE TEMPORARY PRESIDENT OF SENATE:  Order Hon. Member.  Let us listen to him. We cannot ask questions when he is still debating.

         HON. SEN. GOTORA:  The same George Mlilo advised the council to work on the aquifers in Nyamandlovu.  It is very expensive to move water from Nyamandlovu to Criterion Water Works because it is a long distance.  It was like everybody is depending on boreholes and you know an aquifer is not a permanent source of water.  Everything has now stopped.  Then Government, through ZINWA, decided to go to the 1912 Gwayi-Shangani Dam which is going to supply both the Matebeleland North and South region with adequate water including Bulawayo.  Unfortunately, for the water to move from Gwayi-Shangani to Criterion Water Works in Bulawayo will be 30m high.  There are going to be more than 20 boosters along the way, which will make the water for Bulawayo residents very expensive.  I hope and pray that people will be affording that water because it will be going upwards.

         Remember, Gwayi-Shangani is in the escapement and The Criterion Water Works is almost in Matopo Park where in fact it is in part of the Matopo Cecil John Rhodes farm which is high.  So, to move water from Gwayi-Shangani to Criterion Water Works in Bulawayo is going to prove to be very expensive.  I hope and pray that people will be able to pay for that water. 

         Here is another big problem, water accounts in all water authorities, be it urban or rural are protected.  You cannot use water money for anything else.  Harare and Bulawayo are using water money for their allowances and going to unnecessary workshops, which cost a lot of money.  At the end of the day, the water account in Bulawayo is almost zero.  The water account in Harare is almost zero.  That is the easiest source of money for all urban local authorities because you can go and lock the tap.

         However, having said that, if Harare and Bulawayo had kept their water accounts protected from any unnecessary use, by today, we should be talking a different story because water has a lot of money flowing into any local authorities including into ZINWA and DDF.  Here is the problem, the urban local authorities have got 54 powers which could give them money daily, but they are only using five of which water is the number one thing.  At the end of the day, they are not pursuing the rest of the water sources but only pursuing the water money.  That is Bulawayo and Harare and that is what they are doing.  People then start blaming ZINWA but it cannot be blamed.  The urban local authorites themselves said our water should not be managed by ZINWA because the equipment is ours.  But by today, we could all be running to ZINWA to cry for the right thing to be done so that the urban local authorities as well as the small local authorities like Mapisa in Gwanda and Mtawatawa in UMP would be going to ZINWA so that ZINWA gives us water in terms of the Water Act.  That is where we have the problem.

         What we now need to do is to make sure we enforce that water accounts should not be used for anything else except for water related activities.  I will talk about estate accounts on another day because it has nothing to do with water.  That is another account which is protected and not be abused for salaries and computers but that is what we are doing.  So, instead of saying, ‘Nyika inovakwa nevene vayo, nyika inoputswa nevene vayo’.  That is where we have the problem.  If I would become the Minister of Local Government tomorrow, I would enforce that water accounts should not be used for anything else other than water related activities.  Thank you. 

         HON. SEN. RITTA NDLOVU:  I move that the debate do now adjourn.

         HON. SEN. GOTORA: I second.

         Motion put and agreed to.

         Debate to resume: Wednesday, 11^th September, 2024.  

MOTION

REPORT OF THE ZIMBABWE WOMEN PARLIAMENTARY CAUCUS (ZWPC) ON THE 68^TH SESSION OF THE COMMISSION ON THE STATUS OF WOMEN (CSW68)

         Seventh Order read:  Adjourned debate on the Report of the Zimbabwe Women Parliamentary Caucus (ZWPC) on the 68^th Session of the Commission on the status of women.

         Question again proposed.

         HON. SEN. MUZENDA:  Madam President, I move that the debate do now adjourn.

         HON. SEN. GOTORA:  I second.

         Motion put and agreed to.

         Debate to resume: Wednesday, 11^th September, 2024.

MOTION

REHABILITATION OF ALL OPEN MINES BY ARTISANAL MINERS

         Eighth Order read:  Adjourned debate on motion on the need for artisanal miners to rehabilitate open mines.

         Question again proposed.

         HON. SEN. S. MOYO:  Thank you Madam President.  I move that the debate do now adjourn.

         HON. SEN. MLOTSHWA:  I second.

         Motion put and agreed to.

         Debate to resume: Wednesday, 11^th September, 2024.

MOTION

COMPENSATION TO PENSIONERS AND POLICY HOLDERS BY PENSION AND INSURANCE COMPANIES

         Ninth Order read:  Adjourned debate on motion on the reduced value of the Zimbabwean dollar.

         Question again proposed.

         HON. SEN. ZVIDZAI:  Madam President, I move that the debate do now adjourn.

         HON. SEN. MLOTSHWA:  I second.

         Motion put and agreed to.

         Debate to resume: Wednesday, 11^th September, 2024.

MOTION

CONGRATULATORY MESSAGES TO HON. SEN. CHIEF CHARUMBIRA ON ASSUMPTION OF THE PRESIDENCY OF PAP

Tenth Order read:  Adjourned debate on motion that a congratulatory message be conveyed to Hon. Sen. Chief Charumbira on his ascendancy to the Presidency of the Pan-African Parliament.

Question again proposed.

HON. SEN. CHIEF NDIWENI:   Madam President, I move that the debate do now adjourn.

HON. SEN. S. DUBE:  I second Madam President.

Motion put and agreed to.

Debate to resume: Wednesday, 11^th September, 2024.

MOTION

ESTABLISHMENT OF PUBLIC HEMODIALYSIS FACILITIES IN DISTRICTS

         Eleventh Order read: Adjourned debate on motion on the treatment of chronic kidney diseases in Zimbabwe.

         Question again proposed.

         HON. SEN. ZVIDZAI:  Madam President, I wish to thank you for this opportunity to wind up debate on the treatment of chronic kidney disease in this country.  By doing that Madam President, I would like to thank my colleague Hon. Senators for fervently supporting this very important motion and sounding a very loud bell to the Executive to deal with the issue.  Particularly, in view of the fact that the treatment centres in the country are very scarce, they are not accessible and that the treatment itself is not affordable.

So, I wish to thank you colleagues for supporting this motion.  I do not wish to single out many of you, but I would like to thank particularly Hon. Senator Manyengavana for seconding this motion and adding a lot of value to it and shouting very highly to try and impress the Executive to deal with the issue of chronic kidney disease.

Hon. Senator Mupfumira put a lot of weight as well with another angle.  Hon. Senator Phuti, Hon. Senator Zhou, Hon. Senator Ndebele and many of you contributed to this. My concern, Madam President, is that if I were to satirise this motion a bit, I would say it is akin to preforming beautiful dances in the dark.  I expect that we would get the Minister to come here to indicate to us whether he has listened and whether what we are saying here is of any value to the general wellbeing of the people of Zimbabwe.

         Alas, nothing of that nature has happened and I think it is very frustrating that we spent time researching and contributing in the hope that we are contributing to the development of our dear country.  So, that is my bit of worry and demotivation that comes out of lack of interest, if I may put it, on the part of the Executive on what happens in this House.

We have said this now and again but it does not appear as if it is landing on sound ears.  All the same I thought I will just mention it to make sure that this message keeps knocking at the door of the Executive. One day the ears will open and one day they shall listen to our concerns here as representatives of the people of Zimbabwe in this august House. With respect to my colleagues, I wish to thank you so much and would like to now move for the adoption of this motion.

Motion that:

COGNISANT that Zimbabwe is prone to chronic kidney disease with a prevalence of 34 people per every 1 million Zimbabweans;

LAMENTING that only 16 health facilities are available

throughout the country to provide hemodialysis services;

CONCERNED that the costs of hemodialysis are extremely high for the ordinary citizens:

NOW, THEREFORE, calls upon the Ministry of Health and Child Care to

(a) establish one public hemodialysis facility in each district;

(b) ensure that all public hemodialysis facilities provide free services inclusive of ancillaries such as blood sample testing and transfusion;

(c) subsidise fees charged at private facilities that offer hemodialysis services;

(d) conduct public awareness campaigns on the effects of hypertension and diabetes among other chronic diseases on healthy kidneys. put and agreed to.

MOTION

TREATMENT OF HYDROCEPHALUS IN HOSPITALS

         Twelfth Order read: Adjourned debate on motion on the treatment of hydrocephalus in hospitals.

         Question again proposed.

         HON. SEN. L. SIBANDA: Madam President, I move that the debate do now adjourn.

         HON. SEN. KUNAKA: I second.

         Motion put and agreed to.

         Debate to resume:  Wednesday, 11^th September, 2024

         On the motion of HON. SEN. MUZENDA, seconded by HON. SEN. GOTORA, the Senate adjourned at a Quarter to Five o’clock p.m.